Quellen:
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Böge, Wolfgang; Vieweg Handbuch Elektrotechnik; Springer Verlag; 2013
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Lotter, Bruno; Wiendahl, Hans-Peter; Montage in der industriellen Produktion: Ein Handbuch für die Praxis; Springer Verlag; 2006
Cable bushings, also known as cable grommets, are used to ensure that electrical cables are laid cleanly and in compliance with building regulations. These parts are rings or short pieces of hose made of an elastomer such as natural rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) or acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). Other high-quality plastics are also used for special applications. Here, cable sleeves fulfill a number of different tasks:
E-grommets and cable glands are widely used in a wide variety of industrial sectors. Therefore, the type of raw materials used is correspondingly diverse. Sattler GmbH Elastomer & Polymer Technologie uses only high-quality elastomers for all grommets offered, which are matched to the intended application of the workpiece. For example, the automotive industry has completely different requirements for cable grommets than, say, the construction industry or the trades.
Cable bushings in the visible area are often not made of elastomer. Stainless steel and other visually appealing metals are mainly used here.
In order to comply with building and fire safety regulations and to cover a very wide range of applications, various materials are used for cable bushings. The most commonly used elastomers are:
EPDM (ethylene propylene diene rubber) is a synthetic rubber that is particularly suitable for outdoor use. This is ensured by high ozone resistance, great weather resistance as well as good thermal resistance. The great elasticity enables optimum sealing of the cable gland and also easy handling. Chemical resistance to most chemicals, hot water and steam makes EPDM an ideal material for cable bushings in buildings and plants. In vehicle construction, however, EPDM's low resistance to fuels and mineral oils means that it can only be used to a limited extent.
NBR (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber) is a material that is particularly resistant to mineral oil-based fuels and lubricants. Alongside EPDM, this elastomer is one of the standard materials for rings, seals and cable bushings.
Nitrile rubber exhibits high elasticity as well as excellent swelling resistance to mineral oils. Wherever cable bushings come into contact with fuels or lubricants, products made of nitrile rubber are used.
However, ozone and temperature resistance are limited. Cable bushings made of NBR remain elastic only down to about -55 °C. Below these temperatures, the necessary mechanical properties can only be achieved by adding polyvinyl chloride.
The automotive industry and mechanical engineering are the main customers for these products.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a plastic that is used in its soft variant primarily for cable sheathing. Soft PVC is obtained by adding so-called plasticizers to ordinary polyvinyl chloride, which significantly increase the elasticity of the material.
Despite the plasticizers contained, whose possible health hazards are known from extensive studies, PVC cannot be completely dispensed with. For example, the plastic has a tracking resistance that is far above that of many other elastomers.
Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) are elastic plastics that can be deformed under the influence of heat, i.e. they have thermoplastic properties. In terms of mechanical and thermal properties, thermoplastic elastomers can be compared with vulcanized specialty rubbers. TPEs offer the great advantage of being weldable at high temperatures. This makes it possible, for example, to realize watertight cable bushings.
Chloroprene rubber is one of the most commonly used plastics in the textile and automotive industries. Chloroprene rubber is always used when special resistance of the cable bushings is required. In addition to high abrasion resistance and great weather resistance, it also has excellent flame retardancy.
These properties make chloroprene rubber one of the most widely used synthetic rubbers in the field of particularly durable and resilient components.
In certain cases, it can make sense to manufacture cable bushings from metal. The reasons for this may be the required attractive appearance or the need for low wear. Besides steel and aluminum, stainless steel is one of the most resistant materials.
High-quality cable connectors and table bushings are usually made of one of these two materials. Outdoor metal bushings must be made of a rustproof material such as stainless steel.
Stainless steel is a steel alloy that is generally characterized by corrosion resistance. By adding chromium, nickel or copper, the physical properties of steel can be changed to such an extent that it is extremely resistant without further treatment. Cable bushings that need to be coupled or for which certain properties are required are therefore usually made of stainless steel.
In the product range of Sattler GmbH Elastomer & Polymer Technologie you will find cable bushings, cable sleeves and cable grommets for almost every field of application.
Usually cable grommets are manufactured in black, a few models are available in transparent silicone as standard. If you have special color requests, just contact us.
Sattler GmbH Elastomer & Polymer Technologie offers cable bushings for different sheet thicknesses and bores. For the exact dimensions, please refer to our data sheets, which we provide for download.
Depending on the application and mounting options, different grommet shapes find their application.
Single-sided cable grommets have a sealing lip on one side of the base body. They are always used when the protective effect of the grommet is only required on one side, or the grommet is inserted into a wall bushing.
Double-sided grommets have sealing lips at both ends of the base body and can thus develop their protective effect on both sides of the bushing. Double-sided grommets are usually used for cable bushings on sheet metal.
Closed cable grommets do not have a prefabricated bushing. The actual grommet is attached during assembly, depending on the thickness of the cable harness. This makes closed grommets very flexible to use.
Slotted grommets have a narrow cut for cable feed through. They are a good compromise when the full opening of the grommet is not required, but some clearance should be maintained.
Due to the high degree of electrification of the entire industry, cable glands are used almost everywhere. Construction industry, automotive industry and mechanical engineering are among their main customers.
Every structure has electrical installations that must be constructed in accordance with applicable building codes. This includes proper cable penetrations
Cable grommets are found in modern vehicles as well as in classic cars, motor homes and motorcycles. Wherever a cable is routed through a metal sheet, it must be secured with a suitable grommet.
Cable grommets in vehicle construction generally have to meet special requirements in terms of watertightness. The same applies, of course, to cable grommets in boat building.
Vibrating machines and moving machinery must meet special safety requirements. The use of suitable cable grommets is therefore essential in these industries.
Grommets also serve the safety of buildings by helping to seal off different parts of the building from each other despite the need for cable penetrations. For this purpose, Sattler GmbH Elastomer & Polymer Technologie manufactures water- and gas-tight cable grommets that comply with all building code requirements for fire protection and hazard prevention.
Electrical wiring systems are an essential part of building installations and are also of particular importance in the event of fire. Cable bundles often have to be routed through room-enclosing components or serve to supply escape routes. For these reasons, compliance with technical building regulations is mandatory for the use of cable bushings. Special fire-protected high-performance polymers are used in cable bushings with fire protection from Sattler GmbH Elastomer & Polymer Technologie. They are suitable for all common linings and core drillings and comply with current fire protection regulations. Gas- and water-tight inserts ensure absolutely safe cable routing even through critical parts of the building.
We provide data sheets for all grommets and cable glands as printable PDF files under this link.
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Currently, our reference list includes more than 1000 customized items for over 200 customers. We will be happy to provide you with comprehensive information upon request.
Böge, Wolfgang; Vieweg Handbuch Elektrotechnik; Springer Verlag; 2013
Lotter, Bruno; Wiendahl, Hans-Peter; Montage in der industriellen Produktion: Ein Handbuch für die Praxis; Springer Verlag; 2006
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